A Memoir That Your Child Will Enjoy

A Memoir That Your Child Will EnjoyAs a parent, it is important to have an observation child reflective journal essay sample. You may wonder why this is so important, and why I suggest that you create an essay on this subject for your child. However, in order to get a proper response from your child, you will need to understand the effects of this kind of essay. We will discuss these ideas in the following article.In the world of modern education, a child reflective journal essay sample will help children learn a whole host of subjects and skills. However, in order to learn how to read this essay correctly, you need to take into consideration the effects of the essay itself. The essay can help children to understand much more about the writing process. For example, this essay will show your child the importance of being consistent with what they say. The child reflective journal essay sample will also show your child the importance of saying what they mean.By the time your child rece ives their reflective journal essay sample, they will realize that they need to think about the feelings that they are trying to express. In fact, they may even see that they are upset by what they have written. This is the beauty of the reading process. Your child has the opportunity to see what they said. They are able to see that the emotion behind their words came from a real feeling of how they are feeling.In addition to this, a reflective journal essay sample will help your child to see that they are not the only person who can read the language and grammar of the language. In fact, they will notice that the things that they have written to make sense. Additionally, it will help them understand the point that they made as well. There are many ways that this type of essay can help your child. They will see that they are a part of the process, and this is one of the most important parts of this writing exercise.What is this simple statement? It is a simple statement, and yet it can change the way that your child lives their life. Think about how they will think about writing this statement. They will think about the importance of saying what they are feeling. They will see that the writing is consistent with the words that they are writing. They will see that they can go to school or to work knowing that they will be writing something and being consistent with what they write.If you are able to create an observation child reflective journal essay sample, you will be amazed at how much the changes that you will see in your child. While many children will cry in the chair when they receive their reflective journal essay sample, you will see a change in them as a result of this activity. It is a way to help them see the importance of being consistent and being able to make logical decisions when they write.Remember, if you want to create an observation child reflective journal essay sample, this can help you do so. You should create an essay based on the poin ts that you are going to show your child. This is a wonderful way to help your child in a number of ways.

Wounded Knee Massacre Essay Example

Wounded Knee Massacre Essay â€Å"Wounded Knee Massacre† Melinda Belcher May 2, 2010 In 1848 a series of gold and silver discoveries signaled the first serious interest by white settlers in the arid and semiarid lands beyond the Mississippi, where many Indian nations had been forced to migrate. To open more land, federal officials introduced in 1851 a policy of â€Å"concentration. † Tribes were pressured into signing treaties limiting the boundaries of their hunting grounds to â€Å"reservations† The Sioux tribe was limited to the Dakotas. The treaties that claimed the Indians provisions would not follow through; land hungry pioneers broke promises of the government by squatting on Indian lands and then demanded federal protection. The government in turn forced more restrictions on the Indians. This cycle of broken promises was repeated until a full-scale war between whites and Indians raged in the west. (U. S. A Narrative History, 2009) By the mid-1880’s there were some 180 reservations in the west, containing approximately 240,000 American Indians. Among the last to be confined were the Sioux, who fought fiercely to keep their freedom. Nevertheless, a treaty in 1889 created six small reservations in the Dakotas: Pine Ridge, Rosebud, Cheyenne River, Crow Creek, Lower Brule, and Standing Rock. The Sioux tribe suffered crop failures in the summers of 1889 and 1890. White settlers were killing all the bison, plus epidemic of sickness, brought bitterness and poverty to the Sioux, who were ripe for any vision promising them relief. (U. S. A Narrative History, 2009) (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) In 1890 a religious revival spread when word came from the Nevada desert that a humble Paiute named Wovoka had received revelations from the Great Spirit. We will write a custom essay sample on Wounded Knee Massacre specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Wounded Knee Massacre specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Wounded Knee Massacre specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Wovoka preached that if his followers adopted his mystical rituals and lived together in love and harmony, the Indian dead would rise, whites would be driven from the land, and game would be thick again. As the rituals spread, alarmed settlers called the shuffling and chanting the â€Å"Ghost Dance†. Soon delegates from many tribes traveled to visit Wovoka, several Sioux among them. Prominent were Chief Kicking Bear and his brother-in-law, Short Bull; enamored of the Ghost Dance, they brought the new religion to Rosebud, Pine Ridge, and Standing Rock. (U. S. A Narrative History, 2009) (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) Although the Ghost Dance was performed peacefully by most tribes, among the Sioux it became a rallying cry against the whites. Kicking Bear and Short Bull argued that their people had to assist the Great Spirit in regaining their freedom. A holy shirt was invented, a â€Å"ghost shirt† painted with sacred, magic symbols. It was believed that not even bullets could harm a person wearing such a shirt. The Ghost Dance dominated life on the Sioux reservations, greatly disturbing the government agents. There was little or no understanding of the ritual’s meaning, and agitated agents and military officers were alarmed at what they perceived to be a â€Å"war dance†. (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) (U. S. A Narrative History, 2009) In December of 1890 in Standing Rock, the army had suspicions of a Sioux holy man and staunch champion to be behind the Ghost Dance frenzy. The man they suspected was Sitting Bull, the army attempted to arrest Sitting Bull, during the arrest Sitting Bull was killed. His death increased tensions between Indians and soldiers. Hundreds of Sioux fled Standing Rock, many seeking refuge with Chief Red Cloud at Pine Ridge or with Chief Big Foot (also known as Spotted Elk) at Cheyenne River. Both chiefs were traditionalists, though Big Foot had been the earliest in accepting the Ghost Dance. Trying to preserve peace, Red Cloud invited Big Foot and his band to Pine Ridge, a move heartily desired army and the Indian Bureau as well. (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) Big Foot led his people toward Pine Ridge, setting out on December 23, 1890. Their movements were tracked by the army, fearful of treachery. On December 28, only 20 miles from Pine Ridge, a squadron of Seventh Cavalry, Custer’s former command, intercepted the band. Big Foot, ill with pneumonia, persuaded Major Samuel M. Whiteside, in command, that he and his people would come peacefully. That night Indians and soldiers camped together beside Wounded Knee Creek. Accounts list 350 Indians, 230 of them women and children, while the Seventh Cavalry counted 500 men. (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) On the day of December 29, 1890, Colonel James W. Forsyth took command, he ordered his men surround the Indian camp; Hotchkiss guns were posted overlooking the whole camp. Forsyth ordered Big Foot and other leaders to confer with him. He announced that he wanted to disarm all the Indians and he would be sending soldiers into the tipis, searching for weapons. Yellow Bird, a medicine man urged resistance, assuring his people they could not be harmed while wearing their ghost shirts. Black Coyote, said by some Indian witnesses to be deaf, refused to surrender his Winchester rifle; in the struggle, the gun went off. Both sides began firing, and indiscriminate killing followed. Most of the Indians had been unarmed at the time of the attack. Firing fifty rounds a minute, the Hotchkiss guns devastated the Indian camp. Women and children were slaughtered along with the men, few escaping. The fighting lasted less an hour, but Big Foot and more than half of his people were dead. The army’s loses were only around twenty-five, Surviving Indians were loaded into wagons and taken to Pine Ridge, while some were admitted to a military hospital most were taken to the floors of a Episcopal church. (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) The nationwide reaction to the Wounded Knee massacre was split; some people praised the soldiers, others condemned them. In actuality, neither side seems to have plotted the battle or been able to foretell the tragedy. Mutual fear and suspicion were among the underlying causes of the event. Sioux holy man Black Elk was at Pine Ridge when the massacre occurred. After the fighting ended, he went to Wounded Knee. When he saw the many corpses, he recognized in them the â€Å"killing of a dream. † It was the end of Indian armed resistance to the United States as well as the end of the Ghost Dance and its promise of a new world. (Stanley I. Kutler, 2003) Bibliography James Davidson, B. D. (2009). U. S. A Narrative History. New York: McGraw Hill Comapanies Inc. Stanley I. Kutler, E. (2003). Dictionary of American History, Third Edition. New York: The Gale Group, Inc.

How to Write a Cover Letter That Gets You Noticed

How to Write a Cover Letter That Gets You Noticed The best resume in the world may not do you any good if you’re missing one critical element: a cover letter. But not just any cover letter will do. As the first impression you’ll make with an employer in today’s extremely competitive job market, an effective cover letter becomes a critical selling point. Here’s what you need to know to write a cover letter than not only gets noticed, but earns a spot atop the pile. More Than a FormalityMany job applicants think of cover letters as obligatory fluff: a meaningless, archaic precursor to the resume. This couldn’t be further from the truth. When crafting your cover letter, think of it not as a necessary evil, but as an opportunity to enhance your resume and engage its readers.Your cover letter sets the tone for everything that follows in the relationship between applicant and potential employer. The underlying theme of the most successful cover letters answers the question, â€Å"Why am I the right cand idate for this job?†Practice Your Matchmaking SkillsSo now you understand why you’re writing a cover letter, but what should it include? The answer is simple: that depends on the job. While a resume may be designed to show off your experience at large, a cover letter has a different intent: to make the case for why a company should hire you.Creating a standard cover letter with a broad overview of your qualifications misses the point. The trick is to match the skills set forth in the job description with your own background and talents. Take a minute to identify specific experiences and achievements which demonstrate how you fulfill the job requirements. These are the bread and butter of your cover letter.Remember, the job application process is ultimately a matchmaking game between you and prospective companies. The best way to make a match? Do your research to gain a better understanding of each company’s needs, goals and values. Today’s retention-minded companies aren’t just looking for candidates who fit the job, but also who fit the overall corporate culture.Doing your research also means getting all of the seemingly small things right - from the title of the position to the contact person’s name and title. This demonstrates both initiative and attention to detail.Beyond KeywordsKeywords matter, but only to a degree. Why? Because anyone can throw words onto a piece of paper.What really matters is using these words to showcase why you’re the right candidate for the position. Include keywords and key phrases, but be sure to link them to your experience and offerings in a meaningful way.While your temptation may be to pack your cover letter with words and phrases lifted directly from the job description, practice restraint. After all, hiring managers see hundreds and thousands of resumes every year and can easily distinguish the generic from the great.Also, keep in mind that your cover letter isn’t mean t to tell the whole story. Rather, it serves as an important introduction to what follows. Include only what truly matters, avoid bragging about unrelated abilities, and keep it to a concise one page. The best cover letters are not so much about showcasing a candidate’s accomplishments, but about identifying a company’s particular need and demonstrating your potential to fill it.In an era in which 13 percent of recent college grads are unemployed, and 44 percent are â€Å"underemployed† - meaning they are overqualified for the jobs they accept - making a standout impression with employers can mean the difference between getting the job of your dreams and ending up as a troubling statistic. While a smart and comprehensive resume is a vital part of landing a job, a well-crafted cover letter is an equally valuable part of the equation.

Conference Moderator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conference Moderator - Essay Example People do everything in both cases-people stock the shelves, prepare the food, serve the food, help customers, man the cash registers and sweep the floor in 2003 just like they did in 1950. It's the same on any construction site. In 1950, guys with circular saws and hammers built houses. Today it is guys with circular saws and nail guns. No big difference. An airport in 1950 and an airport today are nearly identical. People take your tickets, handle the baggage, maintain the planes, and pilot them in both cases. Coney Island in 1950 looks like any amusement park today, with people operating the rides, selling the concessions and keeping the park clean. The point of the above passage is that certain industries will likely never be replaced by robots or technology alone. Despite all of the technological innovations that have taken place in the latter half of the past century, there are still a lot of jobs that are largely unaffected by automation. These are often called people-powered industries. Perhaps the most astonishing part is that these types of jobs make up over one-half of the jobs in America (Brain, Robots in 2015, 2008).

Auto Supply Chain in England Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Auto Supply Chain in England - Research Paper Example Proximity to export and import zones reduce logistics costs. It is imperative that automobile companies in England establish centralized locations to help in managing current economic issues. Management of Nissan’s British factory, for instance, has established the manufacturing company in Sunderland to improve transport logistics. William, 2007, reports that success of Nissan Company relied on the company’s choice of location and ease of supply chain. Location of Nissan close to deep-sea port enabled the company to transport its cars to suppliers and customers at a relatively low cost. Improved accessibility to exporting zones greatly helps England automobile industries to mitigate challenges related trucks shortages and inadequate supply of fuel for transport of vehicles. Automobile companies should further adopt a focused lean logistics superhighway to assist in the delivery of manufacturing materials to factories. The efficient outbound logistics would also improve export of manufactured automobiles to international markets. According to the UK automobile Council, 2013, weak domestic supply is a cause of the decline in the growth of automobile industry. The council’s report asserts that the country must have a strong automobile supply chain to improve the automobile industry. According to UK automobile council, companies must establish new supply chains that would help in introducing modern cars as opposed to powered by the traditional diesel engine and petrol.

Business Essays Motivation In Business

Business Essays Motivation In Business Motivation In Business. Introduction Motivation has been defined as the psychological process that gives behaviour purpose and direction (Kreitner, 1995); an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994); and the will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993). In psychology, motivation refers to the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of behavior (Green, 1995). In simplistic terms, we can define motivation as the desire and willingness to do something and the inner force that helps individuals achieve their goals. Understanding what motivates employees and what can employers do to motivate their internal customers has been the focus of research by many researchers and the topic has gained special prominence in recent years. This is mainly because motivated employees can provide a firm with a distinctive advantage and a comptetitive edge and by being more productive they can help organisation thrive and survive. There are two schools of thought on motivational theories, the scientific school of thought and the behavioural school of thought. Scientific Model The basis of scientific management is considering employees as an input to the production of goods and services. The approach stresses on scientific selection, training and development of workers instead of allowing them to choose their own tasks and training methods and its objective is to carry out work in accordance with scientifically devised procedures. One of the pioneers and inventor of scientific approach to management was Frederick Taylor. Frederic Taylor, (1856-1915) was the first to analyse human behaviour scientifically with his machine model by making individuals into the equivalent of machine parts. He broke down the tasks to its smallest unit to figure out the best approach. After careful analysis of the job, workers were trained to do only those motions essential to the task. Taylor attempted to make a science for each element of work and restrict behavioural alternatives facing worker and looked at interaction of human characteristics, social environment, task, and physical environment, capacity, speed, durability and cost. The overall goal was to remove human variability. (Terpstra, 2005) Taylors machine model was a success and did increase production and profitability because rational rules replaced trial and error and management became more formalized which eventually led to increased efficiency. But Taylors treatment of human beings like machines faced resistance from managers and workers who considered thi s way of working as dehumanization of work. One of the other features of Taylors work was stop-watch timing as the basis of observations and breaking the timings down into elements. This method also faced stiff group resistance because no one likes to be so close monitored for each little part of the work he/she does. Despite its criticisms, Taylors methods had a great impact on work because he invented a new, efficient and more productive way to work that changed the complete nature of the industry. Before scientific management, departments such as work study, personnel, maintenance and quality control did not exist. (Buford, 2000) The core elements of scientific management remain popular and have only been modified and updated to suit the current scenario. Behavioural approach Unlike scientific approach behaviour approach places emphasis on what motivates people and seeks to identify and account for the specific influences that motivate people. Some of the distinguished theories of behavioural approach to motivation are discussed below. Maslow (1943) put forward the hierarchy of needs theory which saw human needs in the form of a hierarchy, ascending from lowest to the highest. He argued that lower level needs had to be satisfied before the next higher level need and once one set of needs is satisfied, this kind of need ceases to be a motivator. The five needs are: Physiological needs These are the most basic human needs which are important for sustenance like food, water, warmth, shelter, sleep etc. Maslow argued that unless physiological needs are satisfied to a degree, no other motivating factor can work. Safety or Security needs These are needs to be free of physical danger and emotional harm like the fear of losing a job, property, food or shelter. It relates to security, protection and stability in the personal events of everyday life. Social Needs These are needs for love, affection and belongingness and social acceptance. People are social beings and try to satisfy their needs for acceptance and friendship. Esteem Once peoples social needs are satisfied, they look for esteem (reputation). This need produces such satisfaction as power, prestige status and self confidence. It includes both internal esteem factors like self-respect, autonomy, achievements and external esteem factors such as recognition and attention as well as personal sense of competence. (Source) .Self actualization This need is the drive to become what one is capable of becoming. Its the need to grow and use abilities to the fullest potential. It includes growth and self-fulfillment by achieving ones potential to accomplish something Looking at Maslows hierarchy of needs triangle, as each needs are substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant. (eg. esteem needs become dominant after social needs are satisfied).Also, when a need gets substantially satisfied, it stops to be motivating. The crux of Maslows theory is to focus on finding out the level of hierarchy the person is in and focusing on satisfying his/her needs and the needs above it. Maslows theory of needs has been wider recognised and is being practiced by managers across the globe. The theorys ease of understanding and intuitive logic makes it easy to implement, but there is no empirical evidence to validate the theory and there is no metric to measure the success of the theory after being implemented. So, the quantitative impact of Maslows theories cannot be accurately measured. Frederick Herzbergs (1959) famous quote says If you want people to do a good job, give them a good job to do. Herzbergs motivational theory has a two component approach and is known as the two-factor theory. His theory suggests that things which prevent dissatisfaction are not the same as things which create satisfaction. (Herzberg, 1959) When people are dissatisfied (de-motivated) with their work it is usually because of discontent with environmental factors which he terms as Hygiene Factors. These hygiene factors include factors such as, security, status, relationship with subordinates, personal life, salary, work conditions, relationship with supervisor, company policy and administration (Bedeian, 2003). These are the factors whose presence in the organization is natural and does not lead to motivation, however its absence does lead to de-motivation. Hygiene factors include the work and the organizational environment. The second component of the theory involves factors whose absen ce causes no dissatisfaction but whose presence has huge motivational value. Herzberg terms these factors as Motivational factors which are factors such as growth prospects, career progression and advancement, responsibility, challenges, recognition and achievements. The theory concentrates around the fact that the opposite to satisfaction is not dissatisfaction and merely removing dissatisfying characteristics from a job does not necessarily makes the job satisfying. Herzberg stresses that both the approaches (hygiene and motivational) should be done simultaneously to be effective. Herzbergs theory, in a way, is a modification to Maslows hierarchy of needs. Some critics term Herzbergs theory as vague, but considering todays business world where job context and content are major issues, the theory if practiced effectively can give good results because it is based on superb motivational ideas. Diagramatic representation of Herzberg two-factor theory (Taken from Web 2) Vrooms Expectancy Theory Vrooms expectancy theory argues that motivation is based on values and beliefs of individuals and examines motives through the perception of what a person believes will happen. It is based on the belief that employee effort will lead to performance and performance will lead to rewards (Vroom, 1964). The theory states that individuals can be motivated if they believe that there is a positive correlation between the efforts they put in and their performance and when that favourable performance leads to a reward. Consequently, the reward helps satisfy an important need and the desire to satisfy that need is strong enough to make the efforts worth wile. The theory states that the strength of an individuals motivation will depend on the extent to which they expect the results of their efforts to contribute towards their personal needs or goals and posits that motivation is a result of a rational calculation(Vroom, 1964) The calculation is based on peoples beliefs (pointed above) about the probability that effort will lead to performance (expectancy), multiplied by the probability that performance will lead to reward (instrumentality), multiplied by the perceived value of the reward (valence) (Source) Vroom argues that the equation Motivation = Expectancy * Instrumentality * Valence can be used to predict whether a particular reward will motivate an individual or not. Vrooms theory can apply to any apply to any situation where someone does something because they expect a certain outcome. The theory is about the associations people make towards expected outcomes and the contribution they feel they can make towards those outcomes (Bowen,1991) Critics have applauded the basics of Vrooms theory but questions have been raised about the validity over the motivation equation as a product of expectancy, instrumentality and valence. Porter-Lawler Expectancy theory Porter-Lawlers theory is much on the same lines as Vrooms and suggests that levels of motivation are based more on the value that individuals place on the reward.  Actual performance in a job is primarily determined by the effort spent and is also affected by the persons ability to do the job and his perception of what the required task is. The theory states that performance is the responsible factor that leads to intrinsic as well as extrinsic rewards and these rewards, along with the equity of individual leads to satisfaction. Hence, satisfaction of the individual depends upon the fairness of the reward (Bowen 1991) Porter and Lawler point out that perceived inequality in this model plays a pivotal role in job satisfaction. The perception of equal or unequal reward may cause dissatisfaction which means that organizations have to continuously keep evaluating their reward system. The theory along with equity theory demonstrates the importance of avoiding discriminatory practices in the workplace and states that it is imperative for employees to give equal treatment to employees on the job. Elton Mayo with his behavioural experiments known as Hawthorne Experiments was among the first few to analyse the human aspects of motivation He conclusions were that motivation was a very complex subject and was not only about pay, work condition and morale but also about psychological and social factors. He concluded that the need for recognition and a sense of belonging were very important motivational factors. Reinforcement based approach to motivation Reinforcement was propounded by Skinner and this theory is based on motivation approaches are in some way similar to expectancy theory as both consider the process by which an individual chooses behaviour in a particular situation. It emphasises re-designing the external environment by making positive changes to encourage motivation. Skinner states that work environment should be made suitable to the individuals and that punishments actually leads to frustration and de-motivation. This approach explains the role of rewards in greater detail as they cause the behaviour to change or remain the same. Expectancy theory focuses more on behaviour choices, and reinforcement theory focuses more on the consequences of those choices (Skinner, 1953) Other theories of behavioral motivation are Adams theory of Equity and Douglas McGregors Theory X and Theory Y. Most of the behavioural theories seem to borrow a little from each other. Maslows theory concentrates on basic human needs, Herzbergs two factor theory brings out the distinction between motivation-demotivation. Because of its quantitative nature, Vrooms theory, is more suited to managers trying to gauge the effect of decisions on employees. Maslow describes which outcomes people are motivated by and Vroom describes whether they will act based upon their experience and expectations. (Harpaz,2004) Maslows theory can be too simple and rigid for todays environment. Porter-Lawler model brings out the perceived inequality and brings out the demerits of discriminatory practices which may be more suitable for more diversified workforce. All behavioral theories have their own significance and its up to the management to decide which theory to apply. Application of motivational theories is purely contextual and specific to a particular workforce. Workplace might merge two theories and apply s ome of the features of each. Because of its contextual nature, none of the theories are generic and better than the other. Comparison of Scientific and Behaviour approach There is an underlying difference between the two approaches to motivation. Scientific approach assumes that work is inherently unpleasant to most people and the financial incentive is more important to them than other factors such as nature of job, role profile, work environment etc. While the behavioural approach to management emphasises the role of social processes in organisations and stresses on belongingness and the need to feel useful. It emphasises that these human needs motivate employees more than money. According to this view, people want to contribute to organisational effectiveness and want to make a genuine contribution towards its success. Scientific management is an effective technique for a capitalist system and a money economy where the companys sole objective is the improvement of efficiency and profitability. (Higgins, 2004). In todays workplace environment, where companys success is judged by various qualitative parameters and where employee motivation forms a si gnificant input to organisations success, human approach to management is more suited. Conclusions Motivation remains a challenge for organizations today. With the changing environment, the solution to motivation problems are becoming even more complex. This is due, in part, to the fact that what motivates employees changes constantly (Bowen Radhakrishna, 2001) Managers need to understand what motivates employees within the context of the roles they perform and understand the process, theories, and fundamental components of motivation. Regardless of which theory is followed, interesting work and employee pay are important links to higher motivation. Options such as job enlargement, job enrichment, promotions, monetary and non-monetary compensation should be considered. Research done by (Higgins, 2004) has come out with ten most motivating factors which are: interesting work, good wages, full appreciation of work done, job security, good working conditions, promotions and growth in the organization, feeling of being in on things, personal loyalty to employees, tactful discipline, and sympathetic help with personal problems. The key to motivating employees is to know what motivates them and designing a motivation program based on those needs. ReferencesBooks and Journal Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. In L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology. New York: Academic Press. Bedeian, A. G. (2003). Management (3rd ed.). New York: Dryden Press. Bowen, B. E., Radhakrishna, R. B. (1991). Job satisfaction of agricultural education faculty: A constant phenomena. Journal of Agricultural Education, 32 (2). 16-22. Buford, J. A., Jr., Bedeian, A. G., Lindner, J. R. (2005). Management in Extension (3rd ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Extension. Buford, J. A., Jr. (2000). Extension management in the information age. Journal of Extension, 28 (1). Dickson, W. J. (1973). Hawthorne experiments. In C. Heyel (ed.), The encyclopedia of management, 2nd ed. (pp. 298-302). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Harpaz, I. (2004). The importance of work goals: an international perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 21. 75-93. Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., Snyderman, B. B. (1959). The motivation to work. New York: John Wiley Sons. Higgins, J. M. (2004). The management challenge (2nd ed.). New York: Macmillan. Kovach, K. A. (1997). What motivates employees? Workers and supervisors give different answers. Business Horizons, 30. 58-65. Kreitner, R. (2005). Management (6th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, July 1943. 370-396. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. New York: Free Press. Smith, G. P. (1994). Motivation. In W. Tracey (ed.), Human resources management and development handbook (2nd ed.). Terpstra, D. E. (2005). Theories of motivation: borrowing the best. Personnel Journal, 58. 376.Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: Wiley . Web sites (Web 1) Motivation theorists and their theories (online) (cited 15 December) Available from http://www.accel-team.com/motivation/theory_01.html(Web 2) Motivation (online) (cited 16 December) Available from URL http://choo.fis.utoronto.ca/FIS/Courses/LIS1230/LIS1230sharma/motive1.htm

Allegory of the Cave Essay

Theme of Freedom, Responsibility & Education in the Allegory of the Cave The myth of the cave is a famous allegory, written by Plato in The Republic. It was written in the form of conversation between Socrates and Glaucon and covers the idea of shadow against light or how far our nature is enlightened or unenlightened. The story tells about the cave in which people live from their childhood, and have their legs and necks chained so that they cannot move, and can only see before them and cannot turn their heads. Behind them is a fire which is blazing in a distance. Between people and the fire there is a roadway where puppeteers are carrying all sorts of figures and statues of animals. Prisoners can only see the shadows of these figures and completely unaware that these are only soulless statues. The idea of the cave symbolizes shadow or what we believe to be real, while the sun represents education, enlightenment and truth. Further Socrates tells that if prisoners are released from th eir chains, than they would probably believe that the shadows are more real than what is really produces them. Or in other words if to show the prisoner the statues which are the initial cause of these shadows, than he or she would not know what they are. For him or her, the shadow will be more real than the actual thing. And if one of the prisoners will go out of the cave, then he or she will not be able to distinguish which world is real and which one is unrealistic. Plato depicts the path of teaching as the route to freedom, as a release from those chains which tie human beings to the play of shadows, as the flight from this land of bondage into a shape in which humanity becomes aware both of his previous state of bondage and of the origin of those shadows to which he was before. The main aim of education is to lead mankind into freedom and the core value of education is supported by freedom. Returning back to the cave, released man will have to decide which world to choose as real. Would he or she be happy in comparison to the other prisoners who have not yet seen outside of the cave. And here Socrates clarifies to Glaucon whether he or she will try to free the rest of people and explain them about the world outside. In this situation every human is free to draw their own selections and apply their  own substance for life; nonetheless, the choices men make are what they believe all human beings to do, causing men to be responsible for their activities. All men have a moral responsibility to their fellows. The escaped prisoner is responsible for passing away back and informing the rest of the captives of what he witnessed. He has to explain to them that the ultimate reality is not the phantoms along the rampart, but what is seen once you’re in the light. He then experiences anguish because the prisoners will not trust him. Every man suffers anxiety they have freedom and at the same time bear great amount of responsibility for all people. Therefore every choice that a man makes should be honest and responsible. Connection of freedom and responsibility with education is crucial in the contemporary world. Allegory of the cave is simplified picture of what happens in our society Most of the modern educational institutions do not support freedom. Students can just like the prisoners be affected by the so-called puppeteers with wrong side of the reality. Process writing â€Å"An unjust law is no law at all† All people have equal right, it does not matter what race you are or how old are you or where you are from. All of us should have equal rights. I think that African-Americans should reach for their aim, aim not to be discriminated and to have equal right. That time they had strong desire to live in peace. Martin Luter King is a leader of African-Americans who struggle for African-Americans freedom. He is the great leader, because he want to reach freedom without violence. He was great thinker, because he did not start disorders in country, he just wanted to make economic withdrawal program. It shows that African-Americans had strong desire to be free, and desire to reach it without violence. Equality is not always justice EqualityJustice Equality as shown in the first picture is when all people get strictly the same things, no matter of their needs and possibilities. Equality in my opinion is not perfect, and does not take into consideration different  possibilities of different social classes which lead to the inequality in the society. What is justice? Justice – is a concept of rightness, which is based on ethics, law, religious and other aspects. In my opinion equality is not always justice. Every class of people should separately get help and benefits from government or administration. This picture above very well helps us to realize that justice and equality are different things. Most of us sometimes mix these two words. I also can give another example: Sometimes different organizations support orphans who need additional help from the society. If to equally treat them they will not get equal to other children, who have parents. This is because they will not be able in the same conditions afford parents immediately. While within the concept of justice, these children should get more benefits from government and different social organizations rather than usual children, who get care and support directly from their parents. La Jetee La Jetee is a science fictional movie filmed by Chris Marker in 1962 in France. Compounded almost from photos, it tells us about post 3rd world war and experiments with time travelling. From French La Jetee is translated runway, which is a place where planes take off. In the movie, people who survived after 3rd world war were living under destroyed Paris, and most of them were imprisoned criminals and prisoners of war. Scientists researched injection which could make humans mind to travel in time. They wanted to rescue the present and ask for help from future and past. They found an experimental who could mentally withstand the shock of time travel. Finally they found him, and he was a prisoner. They sent him to the past the his pre-war childhood where he saw a woman and a mystical murder on the observation platform. After several attempts, he could reach different period of his life. There he built a romantic relationship with the woman on the observation platform in his childhood. After this he was sent to the future, where he meet with the highly developed people of the future. They give him a power unit which is able to recreate his destroyed world. After all these, he returned back to his time, where he was sentenced to death. But the people of the future offer him to go with them; he refuses and asks them to send him to the past to his childhood, to meet his beloved woman, on  the observation platform. Finally, when he goes back to that time, to that platform, where he hopes to meet that woman, he will be killed by a person. He realizes that the murder which he saw as a child, was his own murder. What is common between Antigone and Allegory of the cave? These three works can be connected with three ideas. Idea of freedom, honesty and responsibility In both works we can see theme of freedom. It is freedom of choice. In Plato’s Allegory of the cave prisoner who was released have a choice to be enlightened or unenlightened and another choice to run away or to come back and tell every one the truth. In Sophocle’s work Antigone Kreon have a choice to change his law or to punish everyone who will break a law. The theme of honesty also presents here. Antigone was honesty with her king Kreon and tells him everything what she feels. She was against of king’s law because that law was unjust law. We can say that she was agree with St. Augustine’s phrase â€Å"unjust law is not law at all†. In Plato’s work prisoner was, who was released, honesty with his co-prisoners, he does not run away he come back and tell everything what he see outside of the cave. The last theme of our orientation week is responsibility. Prisoner in Plato’s work come back and tell everyone the truth. He want to show them another side of reality, with this action he shows us his responsibility for others â€Å"the truly free individual is the one who is experiencing guilty for everything around him†. And Antigone also was responsible. She brakes a law and bury his brother with all funerals. My poem about nature Hello, hello, hello, Listen to me dear all, I go to walk With my classmates And then I saw this beautiful vase. I was confused How beautiful it was This vase was huge in size But then I realize That I get behind I run away Back to my classmates It was pretty good To see this vase